Screening for HPV May Be Better Than Pap Test, Study Suggests

Screening offered greater protection against cervical cancer three years after either test was given

By Robert Preidt

HealthDay Reporter

SATURDAY, Nov. 2 (HealthDay News) -- Screening for the human papillomavirus (HPV) is more effective than Pap tests for protecting women against invasive cervical cancer, a new study suggests.

HPV causes most cases of cervical cancer. In a Pap test, cells from the cervix are examined under a microscope for abnormalities that can lead to cervical cancer. In HPV-based screening, the cells are initially tested for HPV.

If cell changes or HPV are detected in either type of screening, the patient is notified and undergoes further screening and examination, followed by treatment if needed.

In this study, researchers analyzed data from four clinical trials in Europe that compared the Pap test and HPV-based screening. The data came from more than 175,000 women, aged 20 to 64, who were followed for an average of six and a half years after having one of the screening tests.

Both methods provided similar levels of protection against invasive cervical cancer for the first two and a half years after the screening tests. But for the remainder of the follow-up period, HPV screening offered 60 percent to 70 percent greater protection than Pap test screening, according to the study.

The findings were published in the journal The Lancet and presented Saturday at a European meeting of experts in cervical cancer control and HPV-associated diseases.

The increased protection offered by HPV screening was particularly notable in women aged 30 to 35. The researchers also found that HPV screening every five years was most protective against invasive cancers of the cervix, compared with Pap test screening done every three years.

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Flu Can Kill Even Healthy Children, Study Finds

Unvaccinated kids are at greater risk, CDC researcher says

By Steven Reinberg

HealthDay Reporter

MONDAY, Oct. 28 (HealthDay News) -- Children, even those without severe medical conditions, can die from the flu in as little as three days after symptoms appear, U.S. health officials warn.

Between 2004 and 2012, flu complications killed 830 children in the United States, many of whom were otherwise healthy, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Most striking is that 35 percent of these children died before being hospitalized or within the first three days of developing symptoms, according to the report published online Oct. 28 in Pediatrics.

"We found these influenza-related deaths can occur in children with and without medical conditions and in children of all ages, and that very few of these children have been vaccinated," said lead author Dr. Karen Wong, a CDC medical epidemiologist.

Researchers who reviewed those deaths found that only 22 percent with a high-risk medical condition and just 9 percent without a significant medical condition had been vaccinated.

Wong doesn't know why so many children die so fast. "About a third of these children die within the first three days of their first reported symptoms," she said.

One expert wasn't surprised that many otherwise healthy children who died did so before being admitted to the hospital.

"First, parents don't realize that flu can be fatal," said Dr. Marcelo Laufer, a pediatric infectious diseases specialist at Miami Children's Hospital.

Second, parents of children with chronic diseases "know the system better, so they come earlier than healthy patients," he said.

Because flu can progress so quickly, prevention is really the best strategy, Wong said. "And that's why we recommend every child 6 months or older get vaccinated every year," she said.

Because an infant under 6 months of age can't be given flu vaccine, Wong said it is vital that pregnant women get a flu shot to help protect their newborn, and that everyone likely to be near the baby also be vaccinated so they can't pass flu to the infant.

Wong said children who get the flu need to be watched carefully. She recommends getting in touch with the child's doctor when symptoms start.

"That's especially true for kids with high-risk medical conditions and for very young children," she explained. "These children are at especially high risk for flu complications."

Laufer, however, said a phone call to the doctor isn't enough. "It's very difficult for a pediatrician on the other side of the phone to understand how sick the child really is," he said.

Parents should take their child to the doctor or emergency department if they're sicker than what one would expect with a common cold, he said.

"Parents should realize that influenza is much more than sniffles," Laufer added. "A kid with influenza is a kid who is very sick, is a kid who is lethargic, has decreased appetite, is not drinking as much and not urinating as much in addition to other flu symptoms," he said.

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Study of Twins Shows How Smoking Ages the Face

Siblings who smoked had more wrinkles, creases, droops and jowls

By Dennis Thompson

HealthDay Reporter

WEDNESDAY, Oct. 30 (HealthDay News) -- A study comparing the faces of identical twins confirms what many smokers fear -- the habit does prematurely age a person's skin, taking a serious toll on looks even after just five years.

Researchers from Case Western Reserve University in Ohio used the annual Twins Day Festival in Twinsburg, Ohio, to identify 79 pairs of twins in which one sibling smoked and the other didn't.

The twins who were smokers showed many more signs of skin aging, the researchers found. Their faces featured more wrinkles, creases, droops and jowls.

"Smoking harms virtually every organ in the body, including your skin," said Danny McGoldrick, vice president for research at the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. "Whether you are doing it for vanity or your health, one of the most important health decisions of your life is not to start smoking, or to quit if you have."

The research team attended the Twins Day Festival every year between 2007 and 2010, eventually finding 79 pairs of twins to compare. The twins filled out questionnaires regarding their smoking and lifestyle, and professional photographers snapped individual pictures of them both.

A panel of three plastic surgeons then analyzed the twin's facial features, grading the amount of aging they saw in each person's face using a standardized assessment tool. The researchers used questionnaire results to control for other factors that might prematurely age skin, including sun damage, alcohol use and work stress.

Twins who smoke, when compared to their nonsmoking siblings, had worse scores for baggy eyes, baggy cheeks, smile lines and wrinkles along their upper and lower lips.

Researchers also compared the faces of twins who both smoke, but one of the pair had been smoking for at least five years longer than his or her sibling. They found more baggy eyes, baggy cheeks and lower-lip wrinkles in twins who had been smoking longer.

The judges identified the smoking twin as appearing older in photographs 57 percent of the time compared with the nonsmoking twin, and the twin who had smoked for a longer period of time was identified as older about 64 percent of the time.

The premature aging caused by smoking seemed to mainly affect the lower two-thirds of a person's face, the authors said. There were no apparent differences between smokers and nonsmokers when it came to forehead wrinkles or crow's feet, for example.

The study was published in the November issue of the journal Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Smoking can affect a person's skin tone by robbing cells of needed oxygen, said Dr. Cheryl Healton, president and CEO of the anti-tobacco advocacy group Legacy.

"It's widely known that tobacco causes cardiac problems and disrupts oxygenation," Healton said. "Getting good oxygenation really affects a person's complexion."

Smoking also might cause wrinkles, folds and droops by damaging connective fibers like collagen and elastin that help maintain skin elasticity, the researchers added.

"A less taut skin envelope cannot counteract the effects of gravity," they said.

Healton said people should heed the findings as yet another reason to quit smoking immediately. As the study found, even five years can make a difference, she said.

"It's really bad to smoke, and it definitely affects your appearance," she said. "Not smoking is good for your looks."

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Smaller Belly, Less Deli May Reduce Kidney Disease Risk, Study Finds

Processed foods are usually high in harmful phosphorus additives

By Robert Preidt

HealthDay Reporter

FRIDAY, Nov. 1 (HealthDay News) -- Losing belly fat and limiting processed foods and other sources of dietary phosphorus might help reduce your risk of kidney disease, a new study finds.

Phosphorus is added to many processed foods to enhance their flavor and extend their shelf life. High levels of phosphorus are also naturally found in animal, dairy and vegetable proteins, said study leader Dr. Alex Chang, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.

The study of nearly 500 overweight or obese adults enrolled in a healthy-lifestyle program found that a shrinking waistline and lower consumption of dietary phosphorus were associated with reduced levels of protein in the urine (albuminuria), which is an early sign of kidney disease.

After six months, participants' waistlines shrunk an average of 1.7 inches and they had a 25 percent reduction in urine protein. The researchers also found that a 314-milligram reduction in phosphorus excretion resulted in an 11 percent decrease in urine protein.

The study appeared in the November issue of the American Journal of Kidney Diseases.

Other studies have suggested that weight loss may slow kidney disease progression, but this is the first research study to support losing belly fat and limiting phosphorus consumption as a possible way to prevent kidney disease from developing in the first place, Dr. Joseph Vassalotti, chief medical officer at the National Kidney Foundation, said in a foundation news release.

"A good rule of thumb is that if the food comes in a package, it's likely to be high in phosphorus," he said. "Approximately 90 percent of phosphorus additives are absorbed by the body."

To limit phosphorus consumption, look for the root letters "PHOS" on food labels. But phosphorus isn't always listed on food labels, Vassalotti said, so you need to know likely sources. They include:

Processed foods such as dark colas, cereals and flavored watersDairy products such as cheese, milk, cream, ice cream and yogurtAnimal protein such as deli meats, organ meats, meat tenderizers, oysters and sardinesDried beans, lentils, peas, nuts and seeds (including peanut butter and other nut butters), cocoa (including chocolate-based drinks and puddings)

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More Weight Gain in Pregnancy Tied to Higher Autism Risk for Kids: Study

However, this doesn't mean more weight causes neurodevelopmental disorder, authors stress

By Alan Mozes

HealthDay Reporter

MONDAY, Oct. 28 (HealthDay News) -- Modest weight gain during pregnancy might be a sign for autism risk among newborns, new research suggests.

Investigators took pains to stress that it is not weight gain itself that is being tagged as a cause of autism. Nor do the current findings reflect in any way on how pre-pregnancy weight might affect the future offspring of mothers-to-be.

Instead, the study team believes that a small rise in weight occurring while pregnant might be an indication that some broad and complex process -- perhaps involving hormone and inflammation irregularities -- is underway, of which weight gain is a reflection.

If so, then weight gain during pregnancy might serve as an easily recognizable marker for a constellation of events that collectively increase the risk for autism.

"Although weight gain during pregnancy was associated with autism risk, the modest difference in weight gain found suggests that weight gain serves as a marker rather than a cause for autism," said study lead author Dr. Deborah Bilder, a pediatrician and assistant professor in the department of psychiatry at the University of Utah, in Salt Lake City.

"As a marker, it would share an underlying cause with autism, such as hormone imbalance or inflammation," Bilder added.

The study was published online Oct. 28 and in the November print issue of the journal Pediatrics.

The authors said that, unlike in the past, autism is no longer deemed to be a rare disorder, with estimates suggesting that some form of autism affects about one in 88 children in the United States.

Autism spectrum disorders are neurodevelopmental disabilities that can range from mild to more severe. Children with autism display social problems, communication difficulties, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior.

For their study, the team focused on two groups of children with autism in Utah.

The first group included 128 children, while the second included 288 children. Maternal weight-gain patterns during pregnancy were analyzed in both groups. The first group's results were stacked up against those of nearly 11,000 mothers of healthy children of a similar age and gender. The second group's results were compared against maternal weight gains leading up to the birth of each autistic child's healthy siblings.

Small increases in weight -- in 5-pound increments -- while pregnant were linked to a slightly higher but significant risk for autism among the offspring. By contrast, body-mass index (a measurement of body fat based on height and weight) at the start of pregnancy was not associated with a higher risk for autism.

There was an average difference of only about 3 pounds in weight gain when comparing mothers of children with and without autism, the study found.

Bilder reiterated that when it comes to autism risk, weight gain during pregnancy should not be seen as the culprit but rather the canary in the coal mine. She cautioned against any dietary changes based on the findings.

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Sunny Regions Reflect Lower ADHD Rates: Study

Researchers wonder whether sunlight protects children, adults from distracted behavior

By Brenda Goodman

HealthDay Reporter

TUESDAY, Oct. 29 (HealthDay News) -- Sunny days can be a big distraction for those who are tethered to their desks, but a new study suggests that sunlight may actually lower the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Scientists mapped the number of ADHD diagnoses across the United States and in nine other countries. They compared those rates to the intensity of sunlight those regions receive year-round.

Regions that got the most sun had rates of ADHD diagnoses that were about half as high as regions that got the least, according to the research.

"The maps line up almost perfectly," said study author Martijn Arns, director of Brainclinics, in the department of experimental psychology at Utrecht University in Nijmegen, Netherlands.

In the United States, the sunniest states were in the Southwest and West and included Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico and Utah. Rates of ADHD diagnoses in those states ranged from 6 percent to 8 percent. In the darkest states, which included a swath of the Northeast, rates of ADHD ranged from 10 percent to 14 percent.

The relationship between ADHD and sunlight held steady even after researchers adjusted their data to control for other factors that might account for differing rates of ADHD diagnoses, such as race, poverty and the male-to-female ratio in each area.

Researchers even considered whether vitamin D, which is produced in the body after exposure to sunlight, might account for the differences, but they said a prior study ruled that out.

They also examined whether more sunlight might be tied to lower rates of other kinds of mental disorders, including depression and autism. It wasn't.

The researchers admitted that the link could just be a coincidence, and there isn't necessarily a cause-and-effect relationship between sunny climates and lower rates of ADHD diagnosis. But since some children and adults with ADHD have disrupted body clocks, which are regulated by light, they believe the relationship deserves further investigation.

Arns said about 80 percent of adults and about one-third of children with ADHD have trouble falling asleep at night. Some studies have found that these night-owl tendencies are driven by a delayed peak in the sleep hormone melatonin.

Melatonin seems to be especially disrupted by the blue wavelengths of visible light, Arns said. Energy-saving LED light bulbs, as well as the screens of tablets, smartphones and computers emit blue light. When people use those devices in the evening, it can delay melatonin release and disrupt sleep.

But Arns said people who live in sunny climates may get some natural protection from this sleep upset because they get a healthy dose of bright light in the morning, which keeps their body clocks on track.

He's currently exploring ways to test his theory.

An expert who was not involved in the study, which was published in the Oct. 15 issue of the journal Biological Psychiatry, said he's not sure melatonin is the best explanation.

Children in sunny climates may spend more time playing outside, for example, said Dr. Andrew Adesman, chief of developmental and behavioral pediatrics at the Steven & Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center in New Hyde Park, N.Y.

"There's a small but growing literature talking about exercise as a way to moderate ADHD and hyperactivity," Adesman said. "There could be other variables that are responsible."

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Many Lupus Patients Forgo Needed Medication, Study Finds

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Tylenol and Alcohol a Bad Mix, Study Suggests

Nearly half who combined the two reported kidney disease

By Dennis Thompson

HealthDay Reporter

MONDAY, Nov. 4 (HealthDay News) -- Combining Tylenol and even light consumption of alcohol can more than double someone's risk of kidney disease, researchers say.

Taking the recommended dose of Tylenol, also known by its generic name acetaminophen, combined with a small to moderate amount of alcohol produces a 123 percent increased risk of kidney disease, according to a new preliminary study.

"Most people take this medication without any input from pharmacists or physicians, and that's where the public-health concern is," said lead researcher Harrison Ndetan, an associate professor for research and biostatistics at Parker University in Dallas. "People buy acetaminophen over the counter, and they also are casual alcohol users, and they don't know that there is a harmful interaction."

The study, scheduled for presentation Monday at the American Public Health Association's annual meeting in Boston, establishes only an association between an acetaminophen-and-alcohol combination and increased risk for kidney disease, not a direct cause-and-effect relationship.

Chronic acetaminophen use and chronic alcohol abuse both have been separately linked to kidney and liver disease, said Dr. Martin Zand, medical director of the kidney and pancreas transplant programs at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York.

"What has not been well-studied until now is the link between some regular alcohol use and regular acetaminophen use and increasing your risk of kidney disease above the risk of either of those used separately," said Zand, who was not involved in the new research.

For the study, researchers analyzed data from more than 10,000 people who participated in the 2003-04 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. It included questions about alcohol consumption, use of acetaminophen and health problems.

The study found that neither normal use of acetaminophen nor light to moderate drinking posed a potential threat to kidneys.

Nearly half of the people who combined the two, however, reported health problems related to their kidneys, the researchers said. Specifically, of the 2.6 percent who took the combination, 1.2 percent reported kidney dysfunction.

Alcohol can interfere with the gene that regulates the way the body processes acetaminophen, Ndetan said, adding that this is the most likely potential explanation for the association found in the study.

The warning label included on acetaminophen packaging does say not to take the medication with alcohol, Ndetan said, "but it is important for people to receive this message because people will take them despite those warnings."

It's not known if similar interactions occur with other painkillers, he said.

In general, people who regularly consume one should not use the other, Zand said.

If you take acetaminophen daily for chronic pain, you should avoid alcohol, he said. If you drink alcohol regularly, you should try another painkiller or avoid over-the-counter pain medications altogether.

"I'm not suggesting people should not use acetaminophen and should not appropriately and modestly consume alcohol," Zand said. "But it's not a good idea to take acetaminophen for a number of days in a row and then drink alcohol."

So what about taking acetaminophen for a hangover?

"If you do need to take something for pain and if you are not a regular drinker, it would seem to be OK to take some acetaminophen for it," Zand said. "Assuming your kidneys are fine, you might want to choose another painkiller if you want to err on the side of caution, because you've just put your liver through a stress test and it needs all the breathing room it can get to recover."

Research presented at meetings is typically considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.

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There Is No Safer Football Helmet for Kids: Study

Researchers compared high-tech helmets to standard gear for concussion protection

By Dennis Thompson

HealthDay Reporter

MONDAY, Oct. 28 (HealthDay News) -- High-tech helmets and custom mouth guards do not reduce concussion risk for high school football players any more effectively than low-cost helmets or off-the-shelf mouth guards, a new study says.

Neither specific brands nor higher-cost protective gear resulted in fewer concussions among more than 1,300 football players at 36 high schools during the 2012 season, according to a study scheduled for presentation Monday at an American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) meeting in Orlando, Fla.

"We're certainly not saying that helmets and mouth guards aren't important. They do what they are supposed to do. Mouth guards prevent dental injuries, and helmets prevent skull fractures and scalp and face lacerations," said Dr. Margaret Alison Brooks, the study's lead co-investigator. "But I don't think the manufacturing companies have the data to support [the claim that] if a parent buys a specific model, their child will have a reduced risk of concussion."

About 40,000 sports-related concussions occur in United States high schools every year, the researchers said.

Many manufacturers of football helmets and mouth guards cite laboratory research that their pricey equipment will better cushion impact and reduce players' risk of concussion, said Brooks, an assistant professor of orthopedics and rehabilitation at the University of Wisconsin.

"We were interested in whether we can support the manufacturer claims that more expensive, newer, fancier football helmets really reduce the risk of concussion," she said.

Players involved in the study completed a preseason questionnaire listing their personal statistics and previous injuries. Athletic trainers took notes on all concussions that occurred throughout the year.

The players wore helmets manufactured by three companies: Riddell (52 percent), Schutt (35 percent) and Xenith (13 percent). About 75 percent of helmets were relatively new, having been purchased since 2009.

The study also noted which mouth guards players wore. About 60 percent of players wore generic models provided by schools, while the rest wore models custom-fitted by dental professionals or specifically marketed to reduce the risk of concussions.

During the 2012 season, 115 players sustained a concussion -- about 8.5 percent of all players in the study, the researchers said.

The concussion rate did not vary among players based on the type of helmet worn or the age of the helmet. The helmet brand also made no difference in the severity of concussions, which was measured by the number of days lost from play due to concussion.

"As long as the helmet their child is wearing is in good condition, is properly fit and is worn correctly, then the parent shouldn't feel bad if their child is not in a $400 or $500 helmet," Brooks said.

Players with custom-fitted mouth guards actually suffered a higher concussion rate than those who used generic models.

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E-Cigarettes May Not Be Gateway to Smoking: Study

It found few teens go on to smoke cigarettes, use other kinds of tobacco after 'vaping'

By Brenda Goodman

HealthDay Reporter

TUESDAY, Oct. 29 (HealthDay News) -- E-cigarettes don't appear to entice teens to try smoking tobacco, a new study says.

The researchers noted that doesn't mean that e-cigarettes are risk-free, but it should reassure parents that teens who try the devices may simply be doing so for the novelty and aren't necessarily setting themselves up for a lifetime of nicotine addiction.

Last month, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned that "vaping," or inhaling the nicotine vapors from e-cigarettes, might be a dangerous new fad that could set teens up for smoking.

In just one year, the number of kids in grades six through 12 who said they'd ever tried an e-cigarette more than doubled, rising from 3.3 percent to 6.8 percent. Among the 2.1 percent who said they were current e-cigarette users, more than three-quarters said they also smoked regular cigarettes.

Given that overlap, many health experts worried that e-cigarettes might be acting like a gateway drug, sucking kids more deeply into nicotine addiction, and law officials urged the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to regulate e-cigarettes as tobacco products.

The new study suggests that may not be the case.

Researchers surveyed 1,300 college students about their tobacco and nicotine use. The average age of study participants was 19.

"We asked what the first tobacco product they ever tried was and what their current tobacco use looked like," said researcher Theodore Wagener, an assistant professor of general and community pediatrics at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, in Oklahoma City.

Overall, 43 students said their first nicotine product was an e-cigarette. Of that group, only one person said they went on to smoke regular cigarettes. And the vast majority who started with e-cigarettes said they weren't currently using any nicotine or tobacco.

"It didn't seem as though it really proved to be a gateway to anything," said Wagener, who presented his findings at a meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, in National Harbor, Md.

Study findings presented at medical conferences are considered preliminary since they haven't been carefully reviewed by outside experts for publication in a medical journal.

E-cigarettes, which use a heating element to vaporize a liquid nicotine solution, are relatively easy for teens to purchase.

While federal rules block the sale of regular cigarettes to anyone under age 18, there are currently no such rules for e-cigarettes. About half of states prohibit the sale of e-cigarettes to minors, but they can also be bought online.

The devices are advertised on TV and popular YouTube videos. They come in sweet flavors that appeal to teens like green apple, watermelon and bubble gum.

"The use of these products is increasing dramatically," while little is known about the risks, said Scott Leischow, who co-leads the cancer prevention and control program at the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Ariz.

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New Study Highlights Projected Increase in Local Food and Fresh Produce Use in Restaurants, Wins Attention of Chef Tom Hurley

    PHILADELPHIA, PA, July 26, 2013 /24-7PressRelease/ -- As a professional chef trained in French cuisine, Tom Hurley has found that the use of fresh ingredients has played a vital role in his delivery of exceptional dishes. In fact, he notes that the opportunity and unique taste that locally-grown foods and produce can provide has allowed him to gain significant attention as a chef. While the use of these products has remained popular in cooking circles for quite some time, Hurley points to a recent study highlighted in a new report from The Packer.

The Packer explains, "Fresh produce and local food demand will continue to ride a hot streak at U.S. restaurants through 2020. Those are two findings in a new report called National Restaurant Industry 2020, composed of a panel of industry experts assembled by the Washington, D.C.-based National Restaurant Associations." In terms of specific evidence, the panel found that "predicts that total restaurant industry sales will climb to $850 billion in 2020, up from $587 billion in 2010 and $379 billion in 2000. The report said the 'healthy' eating trend will continue to grow in coming years."

Tom Hurley responds, "Healthy eating is definitely a thought that has been on many American minds in recent years, especially with the continued focus pushed by First Lady Michelle Obama. While this trend has been reflected among many restaurants in metropolitan areas, it is my hope that by 2020, fresh produce and local food will become widely available throughout the entire United States."

The Packer details how this result may be achieved within the US and states, "The panel reported that some of the most likely developments in food and menus by 2020 include an greater emphasis on product quality and fresh food, with fresh produce options expected to be become more plentiful. According to the panel, local sourcing of food will increase, benefitting from a more productive and integrated supply chain."

Although healthy, fresh and local eating has been valued by many older generations in recent years, Tom Hurley explains that one potential trend could widely impact the way America approaches diet--a greater focus on children. The Packer reports, "In the health and nutrition category, the research report said healthy eating trends will continue to grow, particularly on [children's] menus. Restaurants will become more creative in putting healthy items on the menu, according to the report."

"Hopefully, making kid-friendly foods out of fresh and local ingredients will help establish healthy habits among future generations. If this reports' predictions reflect actual developments, the United States may see a great shift in childhood obesity, and obesity in general," Tom Hurley concludes.

ABOUT:

Tom Hurley is a professionally trained chef who was educated at the famed French Culinary Institute. Throughout his lengthy career, he has started two popular restaurants. Diners are devoted to Hurley's cuisine, and particularly enjoy his ability to prepare fresh French dishes. Hurley's diverse culinary abilities enable him to prepare a meal fit for a five-star restaurant just as easily as he can whip up more casual fare.

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